Resumen
Este estudio examina cómo las epopeyas menores de los pueblos kirguís, karakalpak y uzbeko de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX reflejan y preservan su identidad etnocultural. El objetivo fue identificar el papel de estas epopeyas en la transmisión de valores morales, normas sociales y memoria colectiva durante periodos de transformación política y cultural en Asia Central. La investigación aplicó un análisis comparativo, semántico, antropológico y lingüístico de nueve epopeyas representativas: Semetey, Seytek y Kurmanbek (kirguís); Alpamys, Masymkhan y Yedige (karakalpak); y Alpomish, Gurugli y Yadgar (uzbeko). Se examinaron fuentes tanto escritas como orales para revelar motivos simbólicos comunes y características distintivas de cada tradición. Los hallazgos demuestran que estas epopeyas funcionaron como poderosos depositarios de conciencia étnica, instrucción moral y memoria histórica. Sus narraciones transmiten ideales de heroísmo, justicia y unidad, mientras que símbolos como la naturaleza, la familia y la ascendencia encarnan profundos significados culturales que fortalecieron el vínculo espiritual entre el pueblo y su tierra natal. A pesar de las influencias externas y las convulsiones sociales, la continuidad de la tradición oral de los manaschi y los bakhshi garantizó la preservación de estas tradiciones y su relevancia para las generaciones posteriores. La originalidad de esta investigación reside en su enfoque integrado e intercultural de las epopeyas menores de Asia Central, menos estudiadas, que revela cómo la forma artística y la transmisión oral funcionaron como mecanismos para sostener la resiliencia cultural y la identidad nacional en las sociedades kirguís, karakalpaka y uzbeka.
Citas
"Alpomish" Uzbek Folk Epic. (2023). https://api.ziyonet.uz/uploads/books/555273/5b0647910c03a.pdf
Abdukadurova, G. (2024). Principles and methods in training eposes. Bulletin of the Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, 16(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.58649/1694-8033-2024-1(117)-71-79
Aitalieva, T., Kulalieva, K., & Sartbekova, N. (2024). National specificity of the conceptual foundations of the epic poem "Manas". Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series "Physics", 55, 275–285. https://doi.org/10.54919/physics/55.2024.27so5
Alieva, M. A., Keldibaeva, N., & Ibragimova, A. (2024). Epics on the Great Silk Road: The influence of agriculture on literature and culture. BIO Web of Conferences, 83, 06003. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248306003
Bazarov, J., & Reichl, K. (2007). Edige: A Karakalpak heroic epic as performed by Jumabay Bazarov. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica.
Beyer, J., & Finke, P. (2019). Practices of traditionalization in Central Asia. Central Asian Survey, 38(3), 310–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2019.1636766
Brait, B., Pistori, M. H. C., Dugnani, B. L., Stella, P. R., Rosa, C. G., Storto, L. J., & de Alcântara, R. G. (2024). Bakhtiniana 15 Years: Interaction Among Science, Art and Life. Bakhtiniana, 19(2), e66200e. https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-4573E66200
Breed, A. (2020). Epic performances in Central Asia. In A. Breed, E.-M. Dubuisson, & A. I?men (Eds.), Creating Culture in (Post) Socialist Central Asia (pp. 65–86). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58685-0_4
Daniyarova, Z. Z. (2024). Linguocultural analysis of zooanthroponyms in Karakalpak epics. Eurasian Journal of Academic Research, 4(1), 232–236. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10575370
Doraiswamy, R. (2022). Cultural histories of Central Asia. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003332138
Doszhan, R. (2023). Multi-vector cultural connection in the conditions of modern globalisation. Interdisciplinary Cultural and Humanities Review, 2(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.59214/2786-7110-2023-2-1-27-32
Ergashevna, S. N. (2023). Narrative repertoire and its influence on the epic tradition. Anglisticum. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies, 12(3), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.58885/ijllis.v12i3.33.se
Farzand, M. (2023). Epic literature and the significance of epic heroes in literature. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374701501_Epic_Literature_and_the_Significance_of_Epic_Heroes_in_Literature
Guliyeva, I., & Kopanitsa, L. (2024). Folklore in contemporary music: Revival of cultural traditions. Interdisciplinary Cultural and Humanities Review, 3(2), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.59214/?ultural/2.2024.24
Gümü?, E. O., & Nas?rambekova, E. (2024). "Aychurok" opera written inspired by the Kyrgyz epic saga Semetey. Online Journal of Music Sciences, 9(1), 294–315. https://doi.org/10.31811/ojomus.1423155
Ibbotson, S. (2023). Literature, power, and the Silk Road Literary Festival. Asian Affairs, 54(1), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2023.2173402
Issakova, S., Khassangaliyeva, B., Issakova, A., Taganova, A., Toxanbayeva, T., Kamarova, N., & Kuzdybaeva, A. (2025). Frame Representation of Medical Terminological System in Kazakh and English. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 7(5), 739–747. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i5.9233
Jacquesson, S. (2020). Claiming heritage: The Manas epic between China and Kyrgyzstan. Central Asian Survey, 39(3), 324–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2020.1765739
Jacquesson, S. (2022). From folk epics to epic monuments: Studying and publishing epic lore in the Soviet Union (1920s–1960s). Journal of Central Asian History, 1, 100–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27728668-12340003
Jaumitbaeba, S. (2024). The Bakhshi and the Duwtar: A study of musical tradition and cultural expression in Central Asia. Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 11(7), 106–108.
Jeffreys, E. (2019). Digenis Akritis and the Frontiers of Byzantium. A Companion to World Literature, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118635193.ctwl0094
Jeong, M.-J., Rheem, S.-M., Park, Y.-H., Nurtazina, R., & Tkach, M. (2024). Loss and damage of Ukraine's cultural heritage: actions of the Russian Federation today compared to Germany during World War II. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 81(1), 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2024.2314850
Kalandarova, D. A., & Temurova, I. I. (2024). Issues of researching versions of the epic "Alpamish" abroad. Galaxy International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 12(2), 97–100.
Kemiac, L. (2024). On Human Sciences: Dialogues Between Ernst Cassirer and Mikhail Bakhtin. Bakhtiniana, 19(4), e65025e. https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-4573e65025
Khodjaniyazov, I. A., & Boboyev, O. M. (2024). Teacher-apprentice relationships in Uzbek epic. American Journal of Innovation in Science Research and Development, 1(8), 35–39.
Lothspeich, P. (2023). The epic world. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429286698
Mamai, J. (2020). Manas. Bishkek: Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University.
McGuire, G. (2024). Empire and Resistance in Kazakh Oral Epic. In P. Lothspeich (Ed.), The Epic World (pp. 498–511). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429286698
Morrison, A. (2022). The Qirghiz Baatir and the Russian Empire: A portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia. Central Asian Survey, 41(4), 825–827. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2106662
Moss, D. (2022). Minor epic. In C. Bates & P. Cheney (Eds.), Oxford History of Poetry in English: Volume 4. Sixteenth-Century British Poetry (pp. 285–300). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830696.003.0016
Odularu, O. I., Sone, E. M., & Puzi, M. E. (2024). Globalisation perspective of libraries as curators of oral tradition and storytelling activities. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 7(2), 136–156. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2024.16
Orinbaevna, K. J. (2022). Typology of plot and images in Karakalpak and Kyrgyz stories. Central Asian Journal of Literature, Philosophy and Culture, 3(8), 46–51.
Plumtree, J. (2019). A Kyrgyz singer of tales: Formulas in three performances of the birth of Manas by Talantaaly Bakchiev. Doklady Nacional'noy Akademii Nauk Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki, 1, 125–133
Prior, D. (2024). Oral epic: From performance to interpretation. Journal of American Folklore, 137(544), 257–259. https://doi.org/10.5406/15351882.137.544.18
Reichl, K. (2019). Oral epics along the Silk Road: The Turkic traditions of Xinjiang. CHINOPERL, 38(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/01937774.2019.1633161
Reichl, K. (2021). The oral epic: From performance to interpretation. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003189114
Rubin, D. C. (2023). A theory of remembering for oral traditions. In Memory in Oral Traditions: The Cognitive Psychology of Epic, Ballads, and Counting-Out Rhymes (pp. 175–193). Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082111.003.0008
Scaini, C., Tamaro, A., Adilkhan, B., Sarzhanov, S., Ismailov, V., Umaraliev, R., Safarov, M., Belikov, V., Karayev, J., & Fagà, E. (2023). A new regionally consistent exposure database for Central Asia: Population and residential buildings. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-94
Sheyshekanov, T. (2024). Renaissance during the Karakhanid period. Bulletin of the Jusup Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University, 16(5), 126–133. https://balasagynbulletin.com/en/journals/tom-16-4-s-2024/ryenyessans-v-karakhanidskiy-pyeriod
Tolibayev, K. Y. (2021). Mytholinguistic analysis of different toponyms in Karakalpak epics. Current Research Journal of Philological Sciences, 2(10), 6–14.
Tuleeva, C. (2025). Phonetic Interference in The Intercultural Communication Environment (Linguo-Methodological Aspect). Dragoman, 2025(18), 144–166. https://doi.org/10.63132/ati.2025.phonet.37187200
Y?lmaz, V. B. (2019). Karakalpak K?z?: An analysis of Karakalpak culture. Journal of Social Sciences, 6(41), 243–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/SOBIDER.32632
Zhetessova, Z., Issakova, S., Issakova, A., Yessenova, K., Ozgambayeva, R., & Ismailova, F. (2025). Strategy and Tactics of Communication in Fairy Tale Discourse. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(1), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.11110
Zulhumor, M. A. (2023). Uzbek folklore and its characteristics. Central Asian Journal of Literature, Philosophy and Culture, 4(10), 67–72.

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2025 Array
